山东省东平湖省级地质公园岩溶地貌特征及保护对策          下载免费PDF全文

毛小妮  张中欣  耿令朋  马军 《山东国土资源》2015,31(1):59-61

东平湖省级地质公园岩溶地貌主要发育在张夏组灰岩中,类型较多。通过对东平湖省级地质公园岩溶地貌特征的分析,提出了相应的保护对策与建议,以保障岩溶地貌景观得以长期、持续有效的开发利用与保护。  相似文献   

Metazoan/microbial biostalactites from present‐day submarine caves in the Mediterranean Sea          下载免费PDF全文

Rossana Sanfilippo  Antonietta Rosso  Adriano Guido  Adelaide Mastandrea  Franco Russo  Robert Riding  Emma Taddei Ruggiero 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(4):1277-1293

Biostalactites formed by metazoan–microbialite associations from three submerged marine caves in the Plemmirio Peninsula (south of Syracuse, Ionian Sea) are randomly distributed and show different sizes and morphologies, as well as variations in surface roughness/smoothness. The biostalactites consist of crusts a few centimeters thick of small serpulids and other metazoans, associated with fine‐grained carbonate; the larger ones often include a nucleus of serpulid tubes (Protula). The metazoans include mainly serpuloideans, sponges, bryozoans and foraminifers but microbial carbonates are also significant components. The composition of both the living communities and thanatocoenoses on the outer surfaces, as well as the composition and fabric of the internal framework, were analysed and used to reconstruct the history of the caves. All of the identified sessile faunas mainly consist of cryptic and sciaphilic dwellers that reflect cave conditions and their variations through time. The distribution pattern, composition and abundance of the present‐day dwellers largely depend on the degree of roughness of the biostalactite surfaces and their positions within the caves. It has been suggested that the Protula specimens in the nuclei represent pioneer populations that formed aggregates during the early cave colonization phase, in response to relatively high food supply from seawater inflow and intruding continental waters. By contrast, the outer metazoan–microbialite carbonates reflect more confined conditions in the caves caused by Holocene sea‐level rises. Hypotheses are proposed for biostalactite growth, taking into account information about the growth rates of some constituents, and evidence of dissolution effects. Similarities and differences between these biostalactites and other Holocene deposits previously described from submarine caves in the Mediterranean Sea and in tropical reefs are discussed.  相似文献   

Presence of cave bears in western Austria before the onset of the Last Glacial Maximum: new radiocarbon dates and palaeoclimatic considerations          下载免费PDF全文

CHRISTOPH SPÖTL  PAULA J. REIMER  GERNOT RABEDER  DENIS SCHOLZ 《第四纪科学杂志》2014,29(8):760-766

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Integrated cave drip monitoring for epikarst recharge estimation in a dry Mediterranean area,Sif Cave,Israel     

Nathan A. Sheffer  Moty Cohen  Efrat Morin  Tamir Grodek  Alex Gimburg  Einat Magal  Haim Gvirtzman  Manuela Nied  Daniel Isele  Amos Frumkin 《水文研究》2011,25(18):2837-2845

Understanding recharge mechanisms and controls in karst regions is extremely important for managing water resources because of the dynamic nature of the system. The objective of this study was to evaluate water percolation through epikarst by monitoring water flow into a cave and conducting artificial irrigation and tracer experiments, at Sif Cave in Wadi Sussi, Israel from 2005 through 2007. The research is based on continuous high‐resolution direct measurements of both rainfall and water percolation in the cave chamber collected by three large PVC sheets which integrate drips from three different areas (17, 46, and 52 m²). Barrels equipped with pressure transducers record drip rate and volume for each of the three areas. The combined measured rainfall and cave data enables estimation of recharge into the epikarst and to better understand the relationship of rainfall‐recharge. Three distinct types of flow regimes were identified: (1) ‘Quick flow’ through preferential flow paths (large fractures and conduits); (2) ‘Intermediate flow’ through a secondary crack system; and (3) ‘Slow flow’ through the matrix. A threshold of ～100 mm of rain at the beginning of the rainy season is required to increase soil water content allowing later rainfall events to percolate deeper through the soil and to initiate dripping in the cave. During winter, as the soil water content rises, the lag time between a rain event and cave drip response decreases. Annual recharge (140–160 mm in different areas in the cave) measured represents 30–35% of annual rainfall (460 mm). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Origin and palaeoenvironmental significance of lamination in stalagmites from Katerloch Cave,Austria     

RONNY BOCH  CHRISTOPH SP TL  SILVIA FRISIA 《Sedimentology》2011,58(2):508-531

The origin and environmental dependencies of lamination in stalagmites from Katerloch, common in speleothems from other cave sites, are examined in detail. Petrographic observations and chemical analyses (including isotopes) of stalagmites and modern calcite were combined with multi‐annual cave monitoring. All investigated stalagmites are composed of low‐Mg calcite and show white, porous laminae and typically thinner, translucent dense laminae. The binary lamination pattern results from changes in the calcite fabric: white, porous laminae are characterized by a high porosity and abundant fluid inclusions and also by enhanced vertical growth and thinning towards the flanks. Translucent, dense laminae exhibit a compact fabric and constant thickness of individual growth layers. U‐Th dating supports an annual origin of the lamination and the seasonally changing intensity of cave ventilation provides a robust explanation for the observed relationships between lamination, stable C isotopic compositions and trace elements (Mg, Sr and Ba). The seasonally variable air exchange, driven by temperature contrasts between the cave interior and outside atmosphere, modulates the rate and amount of CO₂ degassing from the drip water and affects the hydrochemistry and consequently the fabric of the precipitating calcite. Although cave air composition and drip rate are both major variables in controlling CO₂ degassing from the drip water, the seasonally changing ventilation in Katerloch exerts the primary control and the results suggest a secondary (amplifying/attenuating) influence of the drip rate. Drip rate, however, might be the controlling parameter for lamina development at cave sites experiencing only small seasonal cave air exchange. Importantly, the seasonally variable composition of drip water does not reflect the seasonal cycle of processes in the soil zone, but results from exchange with the cave atmosphere. The alternating porous and dense calcite fabric is the expression of a variable degree of lateral coalescence of smaller crystallites forming large columnar crystals. The white, porous laminae represent partial coalescence and form during the warm season: low calcite δ¹³C values are linked to low δ¹³C values of cave air and drip water during that time. This observation corresponds to times of reduced cave ventilation, high pCO₂ of cave air, low drip water pH, lower calcite supersaturation and typically high drip rates. In contrast, the translucent, dense laminae represent more or less complete lateral coalescence (inclusion‐free) during the cold season (high calcite, drip water and cave air δ¹³C values), i.e. times of enhanced cave ventilation, low cave air pCO₂, increased drip water pH, relatively high calcite supersaturation and typically low drip rates. In essence, the relative development of the two lamina types reflects changes in the seasonality of external air temperature and precipitation, with a strong control of the winter air temperature on the intensity of cave‐air exchange. Thick translucent, dense laminae are favoured by long, cold and wet winters and such conditions may be related closely to the North Atlantic Oscillation mode (weak westerlies) and enhanced Mediterranean cyclone activity during the cold season. Studies of speleothem lamination can thus help to better understand (and quantify) the role of seasonality changes, for example, during rapid climate events.  相似文献   

周口店田园洞MIS3阶段古人类生存环境     

李潇丽  张双权  魏明瑞  高立红  王波  赵翠玲 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2009,(3)

周口店田园洞遗址是2001年新发现的一处重要的更新世晚期古人类遗址,年代测定表明古人类在该遗址活动时间发生在40~38.5 kaBP前,属MIS3阶段。对田园洞洞穴堆积物的哺乳动物群、磁化率、黏土矿物和氧化物等进行分析和测试,结果表明,田园洞堆积物总体上为在重力作用下,洞穴围岩崩塌充填而成;洞穴发育和充填经过了洞穴发育—快速充填—稳定沉积—充填完成4个阶段,对应的气候环境经历了冷湿—温暖—干冷—温暖湿润的变化过程。古人类活动于快速充填期,气候比较温暖湿润,动植物资源丰富,有利于古人类生存活动。田园洞古人类生存环境研究对揭示北京周口店地区MIS3阶段古人类生存环境具有重要意义。  相似文献   

登封大冶地区软岩洞穴分布特征及形成条件     

高文成 《河南国土资源》2001,(2)

软岩洞穴的分布特征与软硬岩层的相间组合、岩层产状、地质构造、地下水排泄条件及地形地貌等因素有关。成因上 ,以水动力机械侵蚀主导作用而区别于岩溶地区的溶洞。  相似文献   

贵州荔波董哥洞3号石笋的同位素年龄及古气候信息   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12  

张美良  袁道先  林玉石  覃嘉铭 《沉积学报》2001,19(3):425-432

石笋是岩溶记录中最全面、最系统的古气候环境信息库,研究表明,洞穴内、外环境变化,都不同程度地显示在石笋的组成、结构构造、沉积 (生长 )纹层及其层面构造、沉积速率和古气候环境变化等方面。利用洞穴石笋保存的信息重建古环境,是近 2 0年来的热门课题之一。当前全球气候变化预测研究中,洞穴石笋的高分辨率定年和碳、氧同位素组成的变化规律,为这个领域的突破和填补空白作出了重大贡献。本文通过对荔波董哥洞 3号石笋进行热电离质谱 (TIMS)U-系测年及碳氧同位素分析,获得了距今 16.33万年至 9.13万年的古气候信息。石笋在大于 16.33万年前开始生长,9.13万年后停止生长,平均沉积速率为 2.87mm/ 100a(未扣出间断时间 ),属中更新世的产物。其年龄与δ18O的变化可与深海岩芯V2 8～ 2 38同位素记录所揭示的第五和第六阶段以及与北方离石黄土层 (L2 )和下马兰黄土第一古土壤层 (S1)进行对比。它反映此阶段区内经历了寒冷和温暖 (间夹冷期 )等气候变化,与全球古气候变化波动基本一致,同时也存在地区性的气候变化。  相似文献   

新型广谱金刚石破碎岩石工具的研制   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

杨凯华  段隆臣  汤凤林 《探矿工程》1996,(4):44-46

新型广谱金刚石钻头由钻头钢体和金刚石刀头组成。金刚石刀头由若干含金刚石孕镶层和纯合金层相间组成，该新型金刚石头破碎岩石是以金刚石破碎为主，以破碎穴效应为辅的方式进行的。  相似文献   

云贵高原区南昆铁路沿线溶洞发育规律     

蒋忠信  秦小林 《山地学报》1997,(3)

云贵高原可分为高原面、阶状河谷和深切峡谷三种地貌区,基于对南昆铁路沿线的调查,总结各区的溶洞发育规律与铁路定线原则。  相似文献